Australasian Journal of Philosophy

Journal Style for Final Manuscript Submission

For purposes of manuscript review, only the much less exacting Minimum Standard need be met. The requirements of Journal Style are not imposed on authors until a paper has been conditionally accepted for publication (unconditional acceptance will follow on submission of a final manuscript that conforms to journal style). There are guidelines concerning the technical requirements for the final manuscript files, as well as requirements on content and style. The special conventions around citations and references have their own section.

Please take care to follow these instructions carefully; much grief can be avoided during the production process if authors prepare their manuscripts well. It also minimizes the lag between acceptance and the appearance of your finished article online and in print.

Technical Requirements

A final manuscript must be supplied in a format which the publisher’s typesetters can handle. Most authors will find it convenient to prepare their manuscript in the .docx format of recent versions of Word. The editorial office is also happy to receive plain text submissions written in Pandoc-flavoured Markdown. These are the only acceptable formats at this stage of the process. (Authors whose original submission was written in LaTeX are urged to use Pandoc to produce a suitable file; the conversion process works best with ‘vanilla’ LaTeX, so try not to rely on recherché packages in producing your manuscript.) The content must conform to the guidelines below.

For the convenience of authors, we provide a Word template file which contains the document styles and formatting elements used in the production of the Journal. Your file should, so far as possible, forego use of document styles beyond the minimum needed. Please do not add any additional styles, or modify the existing styles. There is some dummy content in the template file to illustrate the uses of the various styles; please delete this content and replace it with your own. Please ensure that your final manuscript is clean (i.e., with no ‘comments’ or ‘changes tracked’, and no field codes present). 

Format with left justification only and disable any hyphenization programme.

Submitted documents should be self-contained, with the exception of figures (see below for more information on figures). If you wisely make use of an external reference manager to manage your bibliographic matter, the resulting formatted references must be supplied to the editorial office without dependencies on external databases and without embedded field codes (the easiest way to remove these is to use Word’s ‘unlink fields’ command: select the entire document using Ctrl+A [Mac: ⌘A] and then press Ctrl+Shift+F9 [⌘⇧F9] to replace the fields with their contents). Please do make use of equations/math mode for any mathematics. For purposes of comparison, please supply a .pdf version of your manuscript when you submit your Word or Pandoc Markdown file.

Figures

Figures—diagrams, images, and other non-text elements—must be saved separate to text. Please do not embed figures in the manuscript file. You should however indicate roughly where the figure should occur in the manuscript by inserting the appropriate numbered figure caption.

Please provide the highest quality figure format possible. To improve the print and online display, please ensure that all figures and graphics are supplied at the appropriate resolutions listed below:

• Minimum 1200 dpi for line art;
• Minimum 600 dpi for greyscale;
• Minimum 300 dpi for colour.

Note: use of colour in figures is discouraged as colour may not render effectively in print.

Figures should be saved as TIFF, PostScript or EPS files, to guarantee compatibility with the publisher’s systems. The publisher provides more information on how to prepare artwork.

All figures must be numbered in the order in which they appear in the manuscript (e.g. ‘Figure 1’, ‘Figure 2’). In multi-part figures, each part should be labelled (e.g. ‘Figure 1(a)’, ‘Figure 1(b)’).

The filename for a graphic should be descriptive of the graphic, e.g. Figure1.tiff, Figure2a.tiff.

Content, Grammar, and Style

Inclusive language

Authors should avoid terms that discriminate on the basis of a person’s race, ethnicity, sex, gender, sexual identity, disability status or age. Use singular they as a generic gender-neutral pronoun, and respect the pronouns of anyone you are writing about. Avoid gender-specific titles in favour of neutral alternatives such as chairperson/chair or flight attendant. 

The AJP's readership is culturally and linguistically diverse, and authors should be mindful of that diversity when writing. The use of technical terms and expressions that may be unfamiliar to most competent readers of English is sometimes unavoidable in philosophical writing, but deliberate obscurity in choice of vocabulary or syntax should be avoided. A sturdy and plain style, avoiding unnecessarily ornamental constructions, is generally preferred for effective philosophical communication. Self-consciously ‘literary’ affectations should be avoided.

The structure of your manuscript

Authors should take the structure of recent articles in the printed version of the Journal as a rough guide, though for matters of detail recent print issues may not represent the conventions of this style guide.

The following general pattern must be followed in production of a final version. This is the structure adhered to in the template file referred to above.

Structure of your final manuscript

TITLE
Author Name(s)	(Final manuscripts should be deanonymized before submission.)
Institutional Affiliation(s)
Abstract	(N.B. As space is at a premium, the abstract must not just repeat passages from the opening of the main text.)
Keywords	(3 to 6 carefully chosen keywords will aid readers and maximize the chance of your article’s being found in electronic searching.)
Main Text	(See below for details on the structure of the main text)
Acknowledgements
Funding Information	(Acknowledge any funding received, including funding body and project identifier.)
ORCID iDs	(Provide the ORCID iD for each author.)
References	(See below for more information of the format of references)
Appendices	(if needed)

The Main Text should be divided into convenient sections with Arabic numerals for each section and decimalization for sub-sections. For example:

1. Introduction

Some text.

2. What Does a Logical Constant Mean?

2.1 The Core Tenets of Inferential Role Semantics

Some more text.

2.2 Proof-Conditional Semantics and the Sequent Calculus

Yet more text.

Any notes should be inserted as footnotes, not endnotes.

Internal cross references should be by section, rather than page: 'as I will argue in section 3'.  You may abbreviate ’section’ by ‘§’: ‘As I will argue (§5), …’. 

Tables and captions

Tables should be created within your document, using the native capabilities of your chosen software (Word or Pandoc Markdown), for typographical continuity with the rest of your document. Complex tables, e.g., those that must be printed rotated because they are too wide for the page, or tables with their own footnotes, are sometimes best treated as figures. Please do try to format any complex tables in keeping with the formatting of text in the journal.

Tables and figures must be accompanied by a brief descriptive caption. It is better to be more informative, though captions should not exceed 40 words.

Tables and figure captions should be numbered, and cross-reference within the text should include the number. The caption should have the form 'Table 1: A sample table', and in text you would refer to it as follows: 'As can be seen in table 1, …'. 

Spelling

The Oxford English Dictionary’s version of UK usage is the Journal’s normal standard for spelling; any spellchecker should be set to UK English. But note that ‘Oxford spelling’ prescribes ‘-ize’ endings for many words that are commonly rendered with ‘-ise’ in standard usage in the UK: e.g., ‘characterize’, ‘systematize’, ‘actualize’. (It is not clear that the Journal has always been perfectly consistent on this point.) Quotations, however, should follow the spelling of the quoted source.

Acronyms are deprecated. Unmemorable acronyms are prohibited.

Italics

Please be judicious in the use of italics for emphasis. Readers can often be trusted to figure out which are the crucial phrases in a sentence.

There are some circumstances where the use of italics is required.

• Expressions from other languages not widespread in English should be italicised: ‘prima facie', ‘a priori’, ‘Künstlerroman’. If the expressions has been assimilated into English (as, for example, if it is pronounced according to English orthographic conventions), then it should not be italicised: ‘ersatz’, ‘ad hoc’, ‘café’.
• Novel or technical terms should be italicised when first introduced. This applies whether the expressions are used or mentioned: ‘A number m is a mixture of x and y iff there is a t (0 ≤ t ≤ 1) such that m = tx + (1 − t)y. A set of numbers is said to be convex iff whenever it contains x and y, it also contains any mixture of them’.
• Expressions that are being mentioned should generally be italicised: ‘The word rosemary derives originally from Latin’; ‘Sydney has six letters, but Sydney has 5 million residents’. Authors may choose whether to follow this convention or the convention that mentioned expressions should be enclosed in quotation marks, but be consistent within your paper. 
• Italics should be used when referring to species names and legal cases: ‘Salvia rosmarinus’, ‘Mabo v. Queensland (No. 2)’.
• Italics have special uses in the list of references: see below.

Quotations

Substantial quotations (40 words or more) should be shown as a block quotation: indented without quotation marks, and including any needed closing punctuation. The citation should immediately follow, on the same line:

Building the canal in Nicaragua, the French discovered that spraying oil on the swamps is a good strategy for stopping the spread of malaria, whereas burying contaminated blankets is useless. What they discovered was true, independent of their theories, of their desire to control malaria, or of the cost of doing so. (Cartwright 1979: 420)

Other (‘inline’) quotations should be enclosed by single quotation marks.

Double quotation marks should be used only in the following ways: as inner quotation marks within single quotation marks, for example, for quotations within quotations; and to enable the exact reproduction of quoted material (that is, where the quoted author has used them).

Closing punctuation should be outside quotation marks in almost all cases: it is your clause or sentence in which the quotation occurs, so the punctuation ought to be attributable to you, not the author you are quoting.

Indicate any modifications made in a quotation by enclosing your insertions in square brackets (‘the wise [person] proportions [their] belief to the evidence’) and mark each omission with an ellipsis (‘it will not require many words to prove … that the whole dispute … has been hitherto merely verbal’).

Please double check quotations for faithfulness to the original source. Some of the most common errors detected in copyediting are inaccurate quotations and incorrect citations.

Further grammar and style preferences

• Use of ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’. In the main text, use ‘for example’ and ‘that is’, reserving ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ for use only in footnotes. Please punctuate ‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’ in the same way as their English translations: for example, ‘see, e.g., Smith 1951’. Do not italicise Latin abbreviations: ‘etc.’, not ‘etc.’; the one exception is ‘et al.’ in citations.
• Do not use semi-colons and colons interchangeably. They have distinct functions. Semi-colons function either as a form of comma when there is, in effect, a list of ideas or clauses, or as a way of contrasting one idea with another. A colon lacks that contrastive function: a colon allows one to expand upon, or to illustrate, whatever idea precedes it. (Correct: ‘It was a Gettiered belief: it was therefore true.’ Correct: ‘It was a Gettiered belief; it was not knowledge.’ Incorrect: ‘It was a Gettiered belief; it was therefore true.’)
• Use the Oxford comma: ‘it was intriguing, provocative, and false’; ‘see Smith, Lan, and Mehta (1995)’.
• Do not lightly discard ‘that’ immediately following propositional attitude verbs like ‘believe’, ‘assume’, ‘suppose’, ‘know’, and the like. For example, compare ‘she believes she will do X’ with ‘she believes that she will do X’. The point extends further: compare ‘The thing I discovered’ with ‘The thing that I discovered’, or ‘It is something he takes for granted’ with ‘It is something that he takes for granted’, or ‘the fact is we do so’ with ‘the fact is that we do so’, and so on.
  • Similar advice pertains to a phrase such as ‘in which’: compare ‘the way people think about the issue’ with ‘the way in which people think about the issue’.
  • Do not discard the ‘of’ from phrases of the form ‘all the Xs’, say.
  • Do not write a phrase of the form ‘will help A do X’ when what is meant is ‘will help A to do X’. In short, don’t lightly discard ‘to’.
• Peeves:
  • Do not write ‘will try and do’, for example, when ‘will try to do’ is meant.
  • Do not begin a sentence with ‘Whether or not’ when what is intended is ‘Regardless of whether or not’.
  • Do not use ‘the question/issue is whether’ when what is intended, more precisely, is ‘the question/issue is that of whether’ (or even ‘the question/issue is one of whether’).
  • Do not use ‘That said,’ when what is intended is ‘With that said,’.
  • Do not use ‘though’ when ‘although’ is correct.

Special characters

• Please use ‘smart’ quotation marks: ‘some quoted text’, not 'some quoted text' (and certainly not `some quoted text'). Be aware of the difference between an apostrophe (’), which is the same as a right single quote mark, and a prime (′); don’t use the former as a substitute for the latter, which should only appear in mathematical contexts.
• Be aware of the difference between angle brackets (⟨, ⟩) and less than/greater than symbols (<, >); don’t use the former as a substitute for the latter.
• Parenthetical asides—like this!—should be surrounded with unspaced em-dashes, if not enclosed in parentheses. Number ranges use unspaced en-dashes, as in ‘116–24’. Compound nouns and adjectives are joined by hyphens: ‘self-knowledge’, ‘a well-known example’.
• Please use the ellipsis symbol ‘…’ rather than sequential full-stops.
• When giving a mathematical definition, AJP prefers the use of the definition symbol ‘≝’, e.g., ‘¬A ≝ (A → ⟂)’.

Citations and References

The AJP uses an author-date system of citations. Citations should be given in parentheses, in the text whenever possible. Footnotes should be substantive; those merely giving citation information should be avoided, and the citation incorporated into the main text.

For the convenience of authors, the AJP has created a citation style file:

https://www.zotero.org/styles/australasian-journal-of-philosophy

This file can be use with any reference manager that understands the CSL specification: this includes Zotero and Mendeley, as well as many others. You may be able to install the style from within your reference manager by simply searching for ‘Australasian Journal of Philosophy’. For those who store their bibliographic data in BibTeX/BibLaTex, Pandoc can generate a properly styled list of references, using our CSL file, that you can include in your final manuscript: please do not send us your .bib file.

If you cannot use the CSL file to automatically style your citations and references, the following information will be helpful in manually bringing your bibliographic matter into conformity with journal style.

Errors in reference details, and mismatches between cited items and the list of references, are among the most common errors needing correction during copyediting, so authors are asked to pay special attention to these matters.

Citations

The date used in the references, and typically in citations, should be that of the edition used. Anachronism and absurdity (such as ‘Kant 1979’) should be minimized, where possible, by using the original date of publication in citations (for example, ‘Kant 1787’) and indicating in the References the date of the edition actually cited: e.g., ‘Kant (1787/1933)’ (see the reference format for books below). But use actual dates rather than approximate: ‘(Aristotle 1984: 198a22–5)’.

Citations should appear in the text in the following forms:

• When the citation supports a contention made in the text, the parenthetical citation should take the form ‘(author’s surname(s) year: page number(s) or other locator, if any)’.
• When the author is the subject of the sentence, and their name forms part of the sentence, the citation should include just the year and page number/other locator.
• When the cited item is itself the subject of the sentence, the parentheses should be omitted. Generally no locator would occur when citations take this form. So ‘See Lewis 1973b’ (work is the subject of the sentence) vs. ‘See the discussion by Lewis (1973a)’ (author is the subject of the sentence, the citation tells you where the discussion can be found.

The following sample text illustrates these principles (full references for these cited items are available below):

Ever since Hume attempted it (1777: §7), many philosophers have tried to understand actual causation (Armstrong 1999; Hitchcock 2007; Glynn 2009; Paul and Hall 2013). Some have tried multiple times (Lewis 1973a, 2000). Some have decided it is no more than an outmoded ‘relic’ (Russell 1913: 1); but Cartwright argues that it ‘cannot be done away with’ (1979: 419–20). Some say causation is needed for causal explanation (van Fraassen 1980: ch. 5). And some conceptions of causation have been long-neglected (Descartes 1641: 45; Aristotle 1984: 198a22–5). Weirdly, some philosophical works don’t really have causation as their main focus (Kant 1787; Belnap 1962; Langton and Lewis 1998; Le Poidevin, Simons, et al. 2009; Avigad and Zach 2020). Sometimes we really need to look in lots of different places in a text to see where they say things about causation (Lewis 1973b: 1–8, 101–7, 150–63, 199–218, 994–1234). Sometimes different authors with the same name have engaged with these sorts of questions (Lewis 1973b, 1986, 2007; Lewis, PJ 2007). See Collins, Hall, and Paul 2004 for more on all this.

Note that there is no comma between author and date, and any locator is set off from the date by a colon and a space. The format of locators and page ranges is detailed below. Several works by an author in the same year should be distinguished by adding a lower case letter to the date, as ‘(Lewis 1973a: 23; 1973b)’. Inline citation of multiple works within the same citation should be chronologically rather than alphabetically ordered, and delimited by semi-colons. Do not use ‘&’ in multi-author citations. Avoid the use of ‘ibid.’ and ‘op. cit.’. For authors where there is a standardized system of reference, please use it: ‘Aristotle’s Physics (1984: 198a22–5)’. When a cited work has four or more authors/editors, in-text citations should list only the first two and replace the remainder by ‘et al.’.

An en-dash ‘–’ should be used to span a number range, not a hyphen.

The most common authorial error, even at the final stages of preparation, consists in failing to reconcile in-text citations with the final list of references.

Locators and page number ranges

In an inline citation like ‘(Lewis 1973: 5)’, the locator following the colon after the publication year is understood by default to refer to a page or page range; no indication like ‘p.’ or ‘pp.’ is needed. When page numbers are available as locators, especially in the case of quotations, use them. When page numbers are absent or unhelpful, please use the standard abbreviations for alternative locators in the table below.

Some locators and their conventional abbreviations

Locator	Single	Multiple
Section	Lewis (1973: §8)	Lewis (1973: §§12–13)
Paragraph	Lewis (1973: ¶8)	Lewis (1973: ¶¶12–13)
Line	Lewis (1973: l. 8)	Lewis (1973: ll. 12–13)
Figure	Lewis (1973: fig. 8)	Lewis (1973: figs. 12–13)
Verse	Lewis (1973: v. 8)	Lewis (1973: vv. 12–13)
Volume	Lewis (1973: vol. 8)	Lewis (1973: vols. 12–13)
Chapter	Lewis (1973: ch. 8)	Lewis (1973: chs. 12–13)
Note	Lewis (1973: n. 8)	Lewis (1973: nn. 12–13)
Column	Lewis (1973: col. 8)	Lewis (1973: cols. 12–13)
Part	Lewis (1973: pt. 8)	Lewis (1973: pts. 12–13)

Page number ranges, in citations and references, should follow Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed and later) rules:

Chicago Manual of Style page number ranges

First number	Second number	Examples
Less than 100	Use all digits	3–10; 71–72; 92–113;
100 or multiple of 100	Use all digits	100–104; 600–613; 1100–1123
101 through 109, 201 through 209, etc. (for each multiple of 100)	Use changed part only, omitting unneeded zeroes	107–8; 505–17; 1002–6
Everything else (110 through 199, 210 through 299, etc.; for each multiple of 100)	Use two digits, unless more digits are needed to show the changed part	321–25; 415–532; 1087–89; 1496–500; 11564–68; 13792–803; 12991–3001

References

A final list of cited works must be included, headed ‘References’. Items in the list must include sufficient bibliographic information to assist readers in following up and verifying citations, formatted according to the following examples. All authors/editors of a given work should be included. (Except in the special case where there are more than seven authors/editors, in which case the first five should be listed and the remainder abbreviated by et al.)

References should be sorted alphabetically by first (or sole) author surname, then given names, then by subsequent author(s) surnames. When there is more than one work with exactly the same author(s), those works should be in turn sorted chronologically. Where more than one work by the same person is listed, the author’s name must be repeated in the list rather than replaced by dashes (this is to aid searching). When an author appears both as sole author and as a first co-author, the former should precede the latter in the list. For example:

Bloggs, J (1979) …

Bloggs, J (1983) …

Bloggs, J and Jane Doe (1971) …

Bloggs, J and Joan Roe (1981) …

The first author is listed ‘Surname, Given name(s)/initial(s)’; subsequent authors are listed ‘Given name(s)/initial(s) Surname’. Do not use ‘&’ for multi-author listings; use ‘and’ instead. Use the Oxford comma.

Some surnames have ‘dropping’ particles (for instance, ‘Ludwig van Beethoven’ becomes ‘Beethoven’). Others have ‘non-dropping’ particles (for instance, ‘Peter van Inwagen’ becomes ‘van Inwagen’). Clearly no syntactic rule will decide these cases. The surname in the bibliography should be the surname less any dropping particles, but should be alphabetised less any non-dropping particles. So ‘van Inwagen, Peter’ should appear in the bibliography under ‘I’.

Author given name(s) may be listed either in full or just via initial letter(s). Where initials are used, they should not be followed by full stops, but should be followed by spaces: e.g., ‘Prior, A N’, ‘Paul, L A’.

Any name suffix should appear after the whole name: ‘Belnap, Nuel D, Jr’.

Some authors change names during the course of their career; no hard and fast rule governs how they are to be cited, but good manners should be your guide. Sometimes authors who change their given name keep the same initial for continuity of citations; just cite them by initial.

Book and articles titles should be in title case.

The example references below were selected to illustrate many cases of interest, but are not exhaustive. When in doubt, find an example below that is close to your situation and adapt it. 

Articles

The general format is this:

Author, First and Second Author (year) ‘Article Title’, Journal Title volume: page range. doi:xxx.

Examples:

Belnap, Nuel D, Jr (1962) ‘Tonk, Plonk and Plink’, Analysis 22: 130–34. doi:10.1093/analys/22.6.130.

Cartwright, Nancy (1979) ‘Causal Laws and Effective Strategies’, Noûs 13: 419–37. doi:10.2307/2215337.

Langton, Rae and David Lewis (1998) ‘Defining “Intrinsic”’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 58: 333–45. doi:10.2307/2653512.

Lewis, David (1973a) ‘Causation’, Journal of Philosophy 70: 556–67. doi:10.2307/2025310.

Lewis, David (2000) ‘Causation as Influence’, Journal of Philosophy 97: 182–97. doi:10.2307/2678389.

Lewis, Peter J (2007) ‘Uncertainty and Probability for Branching Selves’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 38: 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2006.02.001.

Russell, Bertrand (1913) ‘On the Notion of Cause’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 13: 1–26. doi:10.1093/aristotelian/13.1.1.

• Titles of articles are listed in quotes; titles of journals are italicized.
• Volume numbers of journals are given in boldface Arabic numerals. Issue numbers are not needed.
• Note that, to aid readers, DOIs must be supplied for journal articles, where available. PhilPapers will be a great help to you here.
• For articles that have been published ‘online first’ and not yet assigned to an issue, a DOI is mandatory, but volume and page numbers are not.
• Omit initial ‘The’ from the titles of journals, even those that officially include it. So ‘The Philosophical Review’ appears as ‘Philosophical Review’; likewise ‘Journal of Philosophy’, ’Monist’, etc.

Books

The general format is this:

Author, First and Second Author (year) Book Title, nth edition, Editor McTranslator, ed./trans. Publisher.

Examples:

Aristotle (1984) Physics Books I and II, William Charlton, trans. Clarendon Press.

Collins, J, Ned Hall, and L A Paul, eds. (2004) Causation and Counterfactuals. MIT Press.

Descartes, René (1641/1996) Meditations on First Philosophy: With Selections from the Objections and Replies, John Cottingham, ed., trans. Cambridge University Press.

van Fraassen, Bas C (1980) The Scientific Image. Clarendon Press.

Kant, Immanuel (1787/1933) Critique of Pure Reason, 2nd edition, Norman Kemp Smith, trans. Macmillan.

Le Poidevin, Robin, Peter Simons, Andrew McGonigal, and Ross P Cameron, eds. (2009) The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics. Routledge.

Lewis, David (1973b) Counterfactuals. Blackwell.

Paul, L A and Ned Hall (2013) Causation: A User’s Guide. Oxford University Press.

• Titles of books and journals are given in italics.
• The publisher is given, but the city of publication is omitted.
• ‘Editor’ is abbreviated ‘ed.’, ‘editors’ to ‘eds.’ ‘Translator’ likewise. Both appear after the name(s) of the editor/translator. ‘Edition’ is left unabbreviated, but the number of the edition is abbreviated (‘2nd edition’, not ‘Second edition’).
• DOIs are not needed for books.

Chapter in a book

The general format is this:

Author, First and Second Author (year) ‘Chapter title’, in Editor Name, ed., Book Title: page range. Publisher.

Examples:

Armstrong, D M (1999) ‘The Open Door’, in Howard Sankey, ed., Causation and Laws of Nature: 175–85. Kluwer.

Hitchcock, Christopher (2007) ‘What Russell Got Right’, in Huw Price and Richard Corry, eds., Causation, Physics and the Constitution of Reality: Russell’s Republic Revisited: 45–65. Oxford University Press.

Lewis, David (1986) ‘A Subjectivist’s Guide to Objective Chance’, in Philosophical Papers, vol. 2: 83–132. Oxford University Press.

Lewis, David (2007) ‘Divine Evil’, in Louise Antony, ed., Philosophers Without Gods: 231–42. Oxford University Press.

• Titles of chapters in books are listed in quotes; titles of books are italicised.
• Editor is generally omitted in a collection of an author’s own papers.

Other Items (Online Publications, Websites, Theses)

There tends to be more diversity in the kinds of bibliographic information available for these types of items. The general rule is to mimic as closely as possible formats for an article, book, or chapter; the aim is to aid the reader in locating the resource. URLs must be supplied if available.

Examples:

Avigad, Jeremy and Richard Zach (2020) ‘The Epsilon Calculus’, in Edward N Zalta, ed., The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/epsilon-calculus/.

Beebee, Helen and Jenny Saul (2011) Women in Philosophy in the UK. British Philosophical Association and the Society for Women in Philosophy UK. https://www.swipuk.org/uploads/5/6/3/5/56350169/women_in_philosophy_in_the_uk__bpa-swipuk_report_.pdf.

Glynn, Luke (2009) A Probabilistic Analysis of Causation. DPhil thesis, University of Oxford.

Hume, David (1777/2022) An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Amyas Merivale and Peter Millican, eds. https://davidhume.org/texts/e/.

Common mistakes

Common mistakes that occur in the list of references include the following:

• not giving the full title of a book;
• not including the book’s complete sub-title;
• not presenting the names of co-authors in the correct order;
• not listing the family names and given names of the authors, co-authors, editors, and/or co-editors in the specified style;
• rendering a publisher’s name colloquially (e.g. ‘OUP’ for ‘Oxford University Press’ or ‘MIT’ for ‘The MIT Press’, etc.);
• including the place of publication;
• incorrect or broken DOIs for journal articles;
• rendering a journal title colloquially (e.g., ‘AJP’ for ‘Australasian Journal of Philosophy’ – please note, the journal does not use ISO4 journal title abbreviations such as ‘Australas J Philos’);
• inconsistency between entries of the same type.